Constellation, le dépôt institutionnel de l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi

Résumé

Information and communication technologies (ICT) need significant quantities of resources and energy to produce and power all infrastructure that is related to the use of digital data and the users' electronic devices. To help inform Internet users of the impacts of ICT on the environment and the benefits of changing their behaviour, we propose a simple, multi-criteria and flexible approach to quantify three environmental impacts caused by the use of digital services in Canada. Our approach consists of quantifying the electricity consumption that is related to the use of digital services and electronic devices. We also consider the carbon footprint of the main electronic devices that are needed to use digital services. The proposed approach was tested through a hypothetical case study including three digital service user profiles, three levels of data transmission and storage performance, and three electricity mixes. Overall, the main sources of impacts are, in order of importance, the manufacture of electronic devices, the use of electronic devices, and viewing of video streaming. Some iconic digital activities, such as sending emails, contribute very little to a user's annual impact. The results also highlighted the importance of the methodological choices and data sources that are used to quantify the impacts of digital services, such as sources of electricity production, energy performance of digital data transmission and storage, and users' behaviour. The relevance and limitations of the proposed approach are discussed extensively in the article. Finally, it is essential to establish a shared action plan between citizens, states and companies to build a digital industry that is compatible with planetary boundaries.