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Orbitofrontal cortex and drug use during adolescence : role of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and BDNF genotype

Lotfipour Shahrdad, Ferguson Eamonn, Leonard Gabriel T., Perron Michel, Pike G. Bruce, Richer Louis, Séguin Jean R., Toro Roberto, Veillette Suzanne, Pausova Zdenka et Paus Tomáš. (2009). Orbitofrontal cortex and drug use during adolescence : role of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and BDNF genotype. Archives in General Psychiatry, 66, (11), p. 1244-1252.

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URL officielle: http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?artic...

Résumé

Context : Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (PEMCS) may affect brain development and behavior in adolescent offspring.

Objective : To evaluate the involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in mediating the relationship between PEMCS and substance use.

Design : Cross-sectional analyses from the Saguenay Youth Study aimed at evaluating the effects of PEMCS on brain development and behavior among adolescents. Nonexposed adolescents were matched with adolescents exposed prenatally to cigarette smoking by maternal educational level.

Participants and Setting : A French Canadian founder population of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada.The behavioral data set included 597 adolescents (275 sibships; 12-18 years of age), half of whom were exposed in utero to maternal cigarette smoking. Analysis of cortical thickness and genotyping were performed using available data from 314 adolescents.

Main Outcome Measures : The likelihood of substance use was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scales. The number of different drugs tried by each adolescent was assessed using another questionnaire. Thickness of the OFC was estimated from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images using FreeSurfer software.

Results : Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking is associated with an increased likelihood of substance use. Among exposed adolescents, the likelihood of drug experimentation correlates with the degree of OFC thinning. In nonexposed adolescents, the thickness of the OFC increases as a function of the number of drugs tried. The latter effect is moderated by a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype (Val66Met).

Conclusions : We speculate that PEMCS interferes with the development of the OFC and, in turn, increases the likelihood of drug use among adolescents. In contrast, we suggest that, among nonexposed adolescents, drug experimentation influences the OFC thickness via processes akin to experience-induced plasticity.

Type de document:Article publié dans une revue avec comité d'évaluation
Volume:66
Numéro:11
Pages:p. 1244-1252
Version évaluée par les pairs:Oui
Date:Novembre 2009
Sujets:Sciences sociales et humaines
Sciences sociales et humaines > Sciences sociales > Psychologie
Sciences de la santé
Sciences de la santé > Sciences médicales > Neurosciences
Département, module, service et unité de recherche:Départements et modules > Département des sciences de la santé > Module de psychologie
Mots-clés:Orbitofrontal cortex, drug use, adolescence, prenatal maternal cigarette smoking, brain development, cortex orbitofrontal, consommation de drogue, tabagisme maternel prenatal, développement du cerveau
Déposé le:20 avr. 2016 22:45
Dernière modification:18 juill. 2023 19:54
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